10 facts about OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder)
In this article we will describe 10 facts about OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder).
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition. It causes a person to have obsessive thoughts and carry out compulsive activity.
This can be distressing and can have a big impact on your life. Treatment can help you keep it under control. Let’s start with the basics.
1. Definition
OCD is a mental health disorder characterised by recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviours (compulsions). Individuals with OCD feel compelled to perform these behaviours to reduce anxiety or prevent a feared event.
2. Prevalence
OCD affects about 1-2% of the population. It can occur at any age but often begins in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood.
3. Causes
The exact cause of OCD is unknown; but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, neurological, behavioural, cognitive, and environmental factors.
Neurobiology
Research indicates that OCD may involve abnormal functioning in certain brain areas, such as the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and basal ganglia.
4. Symptoms
Common obsessions include fear of contamination, unwanted sexual or aggressive thoughts, and a need for symmetry. Common compulsions include excessive cleaning, checking, counting, and arranging things in a particular way.
People with OCD have frequent obsessive thoughts (unwanted and unpleasant) and engage in compulsive behaviours (repetitive actions) to relieve anxiety caused by these thoughts.
‘Doubting disorder’. OCD is sometimes called the ‘doubting disorder’ because it leads to persistent doubts and fears, driving compulsive behaviours.
Risk during pregnancy. Women may experience OCD during pregnancy or after childbirth, with obsessions related to harming the baby or sterilising feeding bottles.
5. Diagnosis
OCD is diagnosed through clinical assessment, including a detailed patient history and assessment of symptoms. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria are often used.
6. Treatment
Effective treatments for OCD include cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), specifically exposure and response prevention (ERP), and medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
Seeking help. If you suspect OCD in yourself or others, seek help without feeling ashamed or embarrassed. You can refer yourself to an NHS Talking Therapies (IAPT) service or see your GP.
7. Impact on life
OCD can significantly impair daily functioning, affecting personal relationships, academic or work performance, and overall quality of life.
8. Comorbidity
OCD often co-occurs with other mental health disorders, including anxiety disorders, depression, and tic disorders.
9. Prognosis (outlook)
Even after remission, OCD can return.
10. Stigma and awareness
Despite being a well-known disorder, there is still stigma associated with OCD. Increasing public awareness and understanding is crucial for supporting those affected and encouraging them to seek help.
Summary
We have described 10 facts about OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder). We hope it has been helpful.
Other resources
OCD (NHS England)
OCD (NHS Scotland)
