Acute conjunctivitis – patient information
We will describe information for patients on acute conjunctivitis.
1. Conjunctivitis, also known as ‘pink or red eye’ – is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the thin, transparent layer that covers the white part of the eye, and the inner surface of the eyelids.
2. Three main types of conjunctivitis – viral, bacterial, and allergic. Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis are contagious, whilst allergic conjunctivitis is not.
3. Viral conjunctivitis is caused by a virus – such as the common cold or flu virus. It usually resolves on its own within a few days to a week. But it can be very contagious, especially if it is the viral form.
4. Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by bacteria – such as Staphylococcus or Streptococcus. It can be treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointment, and symptoms usually improve within a few days.
5. Allergic conjunctivitis – is caused by an allergic reaction to substances like pollen, dust, or pet dander. It can be treated with antihistamine eye drops or allergy medications.
6. Symptoms of conjunctivitis – include redness, itchiness, tearing, discharge, and sensitivity to light. It does not usually cause eye pain or visual loss. See treatment below if you get those symptoms,
Symptoms may last from a few hours to 2 weeks
8. Treatment for conjunctivitis – varies depending on the cause. Bacterial cases may need antibiotic eye drops (e.g. 1% chloramphenicol). You can get that from a pharmacy. Viral conjunctivitis clears up on its own, and allergic reactions can be treated with various types of eye drops.
9. When to see a doctor
If the infection does not start to get better in 3 days, or you lose vision or have extreme eye pain, see your optician (you need to be examined) or go to the nearest A&E with an ‘eye casualty’ today. Check it has one, before you go. Eye pain and visual loss are red flag symptoms, that usually indicate an alternative diagnosis (not conjunctivitis).
10. Prevention
- Practice good hygiene (hand washing, avoid sharing makeup).
- Avoid rubbing eyes.
- Use protective eyewear.
- Replace contact lenses regularly.
- Avoid sharing contact lens solution.
- Avoiding sharing personal items like towels or makeup brushes.
Contact lenses can exacerbate conjunctivitis – so it is recommended to avoid wearing them until symptoms have resolved.
10. Conjunctivitis can be more serious in newborns – individuals with weakened immune systems, and those with pre-existing eye conditions. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have conjunctivitis, especially if you fall into one of these high-risk categories.
Summary
We have described information for patients on acute conjunctivitis. We hope you understand it better now.
