How do you test for COVID 19?
Testing for COVID-19 typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, medical history, and laboratory tests. Here’s a breakdown of the common methods:
Clinical Evaluation
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Symptoms: fever, cough, loss of smell, shortness of breath, and fatigue.
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Other Medical History: including any underlying conditions, travel history, and exposure to individuals with confirmed COVID-19.
Laboratory Tests
To test for COVID-19, you can use a rapid lateral flow test (LFT) or a PCR test, both of which involve taking a swab from your nose and throat.
Here’s a more detailed explanation:
Rapid Lateral Flow Test (LFT)
- This test, also known as a Rapid Antigen Test (RAT), looks for viral proteins (antigens) in your nose and throat.
- You can perform this test at home or at a testing centre.
- The results are usually available within 15-30 minutes.
RT-PCR Test (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, or more simply ‘PCR’)
- This test detects the genetic material (RNA) of the virus.
- It is more accurate than a LFT.
- The results are usually available within a few days.
How the tests are performed
- Swab: In both tests, a swab is used to collect a sample from the back of your throat and inside your nose.
- LFT: The swab is placed into a test cartridge, and the results are read visually.
- PCR: The sample is sent to a lab for analysis.
Do you need a test?
Most people no longer need to take a coronavirus test, but you can still access testing if you have a health condition which means you’re vulnerable.
Serology (Blood) Tests
These tests detect antibodies against COVID-19 in the patient’s blood. They are usually only done in hospital when a definite diagnosis is important.
Accuracy and Limitations
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Sensitivity and Specificity: Blood and PCR tests are generally highly sensitive and specific, but even they are not perfect. With any test:
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False Negatives Results – can occur if the sample is collected too early or too late in the course of the infection.
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False Positives Results – can occur due to contamination or other laboratory errors.
If results are unclear, consult with a doctor. They can recommend next steps based on the results.
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