What are the 5 principles of prescribing in the elderly?
5 key points
- Treat the disease process rather than symptoms – just because someone has mild oedema, it may not need to be treated
- Be cautious about adding new medication – could you stop something instead?
- ‘Start low, go slow’ – titrate up slowly
- Monitor closely for side effects
- Manage the whole of the patients treatment regimen – look at all of their drugs (see point 2).
Some more principles ..
- Use drugs that are familiar – to the prescriber
- Evidence-based is indicated for the specific age group
- Monitor therapy (particularly high-risk medication, e.g. digoxin)
- Drugs prescribed via specialist clinics – note as may not be on the patient’s record
- Over-the-counter medications (OTCs), herbal products or someone else’s medication – ditto
- Avoid the ‘prescribing cascade’ (e.g. bendroflumethazide as a treatment for amlodipine-associated ankle swelling)
- Adherence through collaboration – promote by:
- Shared decision making with the patient and involve carers
- Keep it simple stupid (KISS) principle – keep the medication regimen simple, taking into account pill burden and timings
- Provide clear written instructions, with the drug name in CAPITALS, a dosing schedule and information on why the medicine has been prescribed
- Use dosette boxes
- Avoid medical confusing slang, e.g. using the term ‘as directed’ (to whom!?)
- Identify over-ordering/hoarding of medicines
- Don’t assume that the patient is taking medication as prescribed
- Be aware of any transfer between care settings – and changes to medication that may occur as a result
- Be aware that people of different races and ethnicities – can have varying responses to medicines. The British National Formulary (BNF) or the individual medicine’s summary of product characteristics should always be consulted.
[“Is that all? MyHSN Ed] Yes!
Other resources
Prescribing in the elderly (BNF)
NHS Wales’ advice on reducing polypharmacy (deprescribing) in the frail elderly.
