Yes, probably. But it is a controversial area.
The effects of head injury, blows to the head and concussion, are usually temporary. They can include headaches and problems with concentration, memory loss, balance and coordination. Physical symptoms can also occur. These include:
- Ringing in the ears
- Nausea and vomiting
- Tiredness or drowsiness
- Blurry vision.
So what should I do if I have a head injury or concussion?
Symptoms usually resolve within 14 to 21 days, but can go on for 6 weeks. Either way, mental and physical rest is required until symptoms are completely resolved, with a gradual return to activity.
If head blows or concussion are related to sport, athletes should not return to sport or rigorous activity early, especially while signs or symptoms of a concussion are still present – or they will risk further concussion.
Many sports have a concussion protocol like this one from World Rugby. These are controversial and many doctors (including MyHSN ones) think these are inadequate, as they often facilitate a return to playing within a week.
But can sport-related head injury or concussion lead to dementia?
As we say, it is not known for certain. But yes, probably.
It is thought that repeated episodes of concussion can cause long-term problems with mental ability and trigger dementia. This type of dementia is known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). This a controversial area where a lot of research is focussed at present.
Most people recover fully after head injury or concussion. But a minority may have long term problems like CTE.
This very large Swedish twin study in 2022 shows some evidence for this hypothesis. Although this area remains controversial.
MyHSN has more information on concussion and dementia.